SAP Architecture and Modules

SAP is an extensive ERP system with multiple modules catering to different business functions. Understanding its architecture and modules is essential for effective testing.

SAP System Architecture

SAP follows a three-tier architecture:

1. Presentation Layer: The user interface where interactions take place (SAP GUI, Fiori, Web Dynpro).
2. Application Layer: The core processing unit where business logic is executed.
3. Database Layer: Stores and retrieves data for SAP applications.

Major SAP Modules

• SAP FI (Financial Accounting)
• SAP CO (Controlling)
• SAP SD (Sales and Distribution)
• SAP MM (Materials Management)
• SAP PP (Production Planning)
• SAP HCM (Human Capital Management)
• SAP BW/BI (Business Warehouse/Business Intelligence)

Each module has specific functionalities, and testers must understand them to create effective test scenarios.

Role of Each SAP Module

1. SAP FI (Financial Accounting): Manages financial transactions, reporting, and compliance with international accounting standards.
2. SAP CO (Controlling): Focuses on cost tracking, profitability analysis, and financial planning.
3. SAP SD (Sales and Distribution): Handles order processing, invoicing, and customer management.
4. SAP MM (Materials Management): Manages procurement, inventory control, and supply chain processes.
5. SAP PP (Production Planning): Deals with production scheduling, planning, and execution.
6. SAP HCM (Human Capital Management): Covers employee records, payroll, and talent management.
7. SAP BW/BI (Business Warehouse/Business Intelligence): Provides analytical insights and reporting capabilities.

Understanding SAP Modules is Crucial for Testing

• Helps in designing realistic test cases.
• Improves test data preparation.
• Enhances defect analysis and debugging.
• Ensures comprehensive end-to-end testing.