Cybersecurity Introduction

In today’s world, the Internet has become an essential part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, make friends, share updates, play games, and shop, impacting many aspects of our daily activities.

Cyberspace connects us virtually to millions of users worldwide. As the use of cyberspace increases and cyberattacks become more advanced, it’s crucial to be aware of cybersecurity threats and how to protect ourselves from them.

Cyber Threats

Below are some common cyber threats:

• Email Spoofing: Cybercriminals send fake emails that appear to come from trusted sources, but are malicious.
• Malware Attacks: Malicious files or applications are sent through emails, messaging, gaming platforms, or websites to gain access or damage your devices, personal data, or network.
• Hacking: Unauthorized access to a computer system or account, often to steal information or cause harm.
• Phishing: A fraudulent attempt to acquire sensitive information such as passwords or credit card details by pretending to be a trustworthy entity. Phishing emails may contain malicious attachments or links.
• Social Engineering: A tactic where cybercriminals manipulate people into divulging confidential information. For example, a hacker might impersonate someone you trust to get sensitive data from you.
• Cyberbullying: The use of technology, such as social media, text messages, and emails, to harass or intimidate others through hurtful messages, images, or videos.
• Identity Theft: The unauthorized use of someone’s personal information, such as their name or credit card details, for fraudulent purposes.
• Job Frauds: Scams where cybercriminals pose as employers to deceive potential employees or job seekers.
• Online Financial/Banking Frauds: Cybercriminals posing as legitimate financial institutions to steal money or gain unauthorized access to bank accounts.
• Ransomware: Malicious software that locks or encrypts a computer’s data, demanding payment in exchange for access or to prevent the data from being exposed.

General Cybersecurity Tips

• Use a strong, unique password (10-12 characters) with a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.
• Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Use a password plus an additional factor (like a PIN, pattern, or biometric information) to secure your online accounts.
• Be cautious of free software that isn’t open source.
• Always visit secure websites (those starting with HTTPS://).
• Log out of accounts after use and avoid saving passwords in browsers or writing them down. Your memory is the best place to store them.
• Use a virtual keyboard when possible to protect against keyloggers and malware.
• Never share sensitive information, such as your PIN or account details, over the phone unless you initiate the call.
• Regularly back up important digital files and data.
• Keep your computer’s firewall enabled.
• Think carefully before sharing pictures or videos online. Once posted, they can be misused by cybercriminals.
• When looking for customer service contact details, visit the official company website instead of searching on Google.
• Do not open unknown emails, links, or attachments from unfamiliar senders. Disable automatic downloads of graphics or HTML emails on mobile devices.
• Avoid installing untrusted software or apps. Always verify their authenticity and download from trusted sources.
• App Review and Permissions: Read app reviews and only grant necessary permissions to protect your personal data.
• Avoid using smartphones for sensitive photos or videos.
• Be mindful of your appearance on video chats or calls. Others may record your conversations.
• Beware of fake social media accounts. Not all accounts are genuine, and some information may be fabricated.
• Be cautious when browsing sensitive sites, such as shopping or banking websites. Use trusted devices and networks, and avoid public Wi-Fi or others’ devices.
• When giving your mobile devices or PC for repair, servicing, or resale, remove personal information first.
• Report any suspicious online activity or cybercrimes immediately to relevant authorities.
• Use Antivirus Software: Install and regularly update antivirus software with internet security features to protect against malicious threats.
• Secure Your Browser Settings: Always use an updated browser version and install tools that help protect against malware and hackers.

By following these cybersecurity tips, you can protect yourself and your digital information from the growing range of cyber threats.