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Java Abstraction

In this tutorial, we will learn about Java Abstraction. Abstraction is the process of hiding unwanted inner details and exposing only the essential functionality of an object to the user.

Java Abstraction is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts that helps in hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object. This makes it easier to understand and work with complex systems by focusing on high-level operations rather than internal details of the class.

Abstraction Example

When you interact with your mobile phone, you see a user-friendly interface. This includes:
Home Screen: Displays apps and widgets.
Settings Menu: Allows you to adjust various options like Wi-Fi, display brightness, and more.
Update Notifications: Alerts you when a new system update is available.

Java Abstraction Example

Abstraction: The phone’s interface abstracts away the complex underlying system. You don’t need to know how the operating system manages processes or how hardware components interact. You just tap on icons and navigate through menus.

You can achieve abstraction using abstract classes and interfaces in Java.

Abstract Class

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated on its own and is meant to be subclassed. It can contain abstract methods (methods without a body) and non-abstract methods (methods with a body). Abstract methods are declared without an implementation (i.e., without a body) in an abstract class. The subclass that inherits the abstract class must provide an implementation for these abstract methods.

Interfaces

Interfaces are another way to achieve abstraction in Java. An interface defines a contract with abstract methods and can include default and static methods.